Category: Diversity

Concerned about Book Bans? CLA-SC Webinar Panelists Inform and Empower Attendees

11/29/2022

By Emmaline Ellis, Laurie Esposito, and Jennifer Slagus

In response to an increase in attempts to ban and challenge various children’s and young adult books, the topic of this year’s Children’s Literature Assembly Student Committee (CLA-SC) Annual Student Webinar was “Book Bans: Who, How, and Why?” As a committee with diverse experiences, interests, and roles in the field of children’s literature, the CLA-SC members find these movements to be particularly concerning, as the targeted books are often those that feature characters who are LGBTQIA+, Black, or Hispanic. While some book challenges have received pushback, many others have been successful. These decisions made us wonder - how do books become banned? What is the reasoning supporting these bans? And, who are the decision-makers behind book bans? These burning questions were the guiding focus of this year’s CLA-SC Student Webinar.

In order to learn more about the decision-making processes behind book bans, we enlisted the expertise of four esteemed panelists, all of whom are CLA Committee or Board Members. In this post, we summarize and highlight each panelists’ professional or personal experiences and insight as they relate to book bans, and conclude by sharing the informative and helpful resources shared throughout the Webinar. CLA Members can access a video recording of the webinar within the members-only section of the CLA website.

Dr. Rachel Skrlac Lo
Our first panelist shared the story of a book challenge in her suburban Philadelphia school district. Dr. Rachel Skrlac Lo, Assistant Professor of Education at Villanova University and parent of a child in the district, described the district’s response when a fellow parent challenged Maia Kobabe’s Gender Queer. In violation of its own protocol, the district removed the book from the high school library pending review by an anonymous ad hoc committee. Various district stakeholders justified the challenge with concerns about potentially harmful psychological effects and age appropriateness. Dr. Skrlac Lo countered these unsubstantiated concerns with empirical data on the harm under-representation in schools causes LGBTQIA+ youth.

Although Gender Queer was ultimately returned to the library’s shelves in June 2022, Dr. Skrlac Lo pointed out that a single complaint rendered the book inaccessible to all students for nearly an entire academic year. In concluding her presentation, Dr. Skrlac Lo focused on ways in which we can act against book challenges and bans in schools. She encouraged us to share our expertise through engagement in public discourse. For example, we could join community groups, attend committee meetings, write to legislators, and write op-ed pieces for local publications. Perhaps most importantly, she urged us to “resist and push against” deficit narratives as we listen to and support members of groups targeted by censorship efforts.

Breakout Quote for Dr. Skrlac Lo:
...in this case, these book challenges weren’t about pushing us to really think about concern for the child. They are political posturing of power.

Dr. Nadine Bryce
Dr. Nadine Bryce, an Associate Professor of Literacy at Hunter College, presented on “Book Challenges, Book Bans, and Anti-CRT Laws: New York.” Dr. Bryce spoke to the “how” processes behind book bans by sharing information about the history of book bans, particularly in New York, and included personal anecdotes from educators with whom she spoke about this topic. Book challenges and bans seem to occur with more frequency and noise in other states, and Dr. Bryce was surprised to learn that there are two bills currently pending in the New York State Legislature that would restrict the use of certain books or topics based on their reference to racism or Critical Race Theory. Dr. Bryce put forth a passionate argument that while certain books may not be appropriate for certain age groups, adults can make informed choices about whether or not individual readers are equipped to handle critical engagement with literature. Dr. Bryce echoed Rudine Sims Bishop’s (1990) seminal piece on windows, mirrors, and doors, and advocated for children’s access to all books so that they can locate themselves and others within literature. Book bans are restrictive, instill fear, and create complicated power relationships. Instead, by ensuring that children have thoughtful access to all books, literature can continue to create pathways for children to reimagine and transform our world.

Breakout Quote for Dr. Bryce:
We can probably agree that not every book is good for every reader, but books with challenging subject matter that generates strong emotions can teach us a lot about how to harness the power of discomfort that is a part of our lives and our world. Parents are the first arbiters of whether or not a book was appropriate for a child, but banning books from all children is restrictive and has larger implications, instilling fear and seeking control over who has access to difficult stories, and limits opportunities for all.

Dr. Wendy Stephens
As an experienced school librarian and current Associate Professor and School Librarian Chair at Jacksonville State University, Dr. Wendy Stephens has experience navigating the topic of challenged books censorship with both high school students and parents and future librarians. Dr. Stephens poignantly made the case for school librarians to defend libraries as “laboratories of intellectual freedom,” citing the 1982 Supreme Court case Island Trees School District versus Pico, when a group of students legally challenged a movement by local parents to ban “permissive” literature from their district’s libraries. The Supreme Court ruled that based on the rights upheld by the First Amendment, public schools cannot restrict access to books based on their content. Due to this landmark case, Dr. Stephens provided the webinar attendees with “overarching intellectual freedom principles” to aid in the selection of texts for school libraries (i.e. “have a policy and stick to the policy”), as well as strategies for when a book is being reconsidered (i.e. have your reconsideration committee established before a book is challenged). By using these strategies, librarians can minimize outside scrutiny while still serving students’ needs and interests. To preserve students’ intellectual freedom, adults should shift their focus from defending specific titles and authors to advocating against book bans in general. In her conclusion, Dr. Stephens provided a list of useful resources from the Alabama School Library Association: Intellectual Freedom Committee.

Breakout Quote for Dr. Stephens:
It’s incumbent on librarians to defend student expression as well as the right to receive information.

Dr. Lester Laminack
Our final panelist, Dr. Lester Laminack, is a children’s author and educational consultant. He shared his experience growing up gay in the southern United States during a time when children’s books did not hold stories of kids like him. Dr. Laminack traced the historic resonance of this exclusion and discussed how exclusion and fear still inform the rampant book bans seen across the country today. Efforts toward literary exclusion and restriction have resulted in thousands of books facing challenges or bans, many for their LGBTQIA+ and anti-racist content. Yet, Dr. Laminack answered this bleak reality with hope. In harkening back to the 2021 and 2022 theme of Banned Books Week, he shared that “Books unite us, but censorship divides us.” He argued that a child’s only censor for what they read should be their own parents’ decisions, not the opinions of elected officials or other anonymous adults. Like Dr. Bryce, Dr. Laminack emphasized the importance of mirrors and windows (Bishop, 1990) within children’s literature, and provided an emotionally provoking discussion on the benefits of LGBTQIA+ representation. As it is through sharing the stories of diverse experiences—of the reality of fear and pain, but also of joy—that books offer insight and spark conversations that can “help students focus on what they have in common. Those are the windows.” And it is those mirrors and windows that, Dr. Laminack notes, enable children’s literature to have the “power to make us more human.”

Breakout Quote for Dr. Laminack:
Literature provides our youth an opportunity to broaden their visions of what it is like to share their deepest truth, to face their greatest fears, to live through the aftermath of their experience…But until we have access to books, we don’t have those windows. We can’t broaden ourselves.

Conclusion
This year’s Student Webinar was eye-opening and insightful, thanks to our four wonderful panelists whose passionate presentations helped us to understand the decision-making processes behind book bans and book challenges. We hope we can speak for all of the attendees of this event when we say that the webinar helped us feel informed and empowered to push back against such processes.

Throughout the webinar, our esteemed panelists shared a number of resources about banned and challenged books, as well as strategies to advocate for children’s access to all books.

Webinar Resources:

Recording of 2022 Webinar available to CLA Members
Alabama School Library Association: Intellectual Freedom Committee Recommended Resources
Articles from The Radnorite, Radnor High School Student Newspaper:
- "To ban or not to ban: What belongs in Radnor’s classrooms"
- "I experienced censorship, now I fear for our democracy"
Blogpost by Dr. Laminack, "Why We Need LGBTQ+ Literature for Children and Youth"
It Gets Better Project, resources in support of LGBTQIA+ youth
Kenneth Kidd’s “Not Censorship but Selection”: Censorship and/as Prizing (2009)
Nancy Larrick’s The All-White World of Children's Books (1965)
Podcast Read the Room
Video of Rudine Sims Bishop on Mirrors, Windows, and Sliding Glass Doors

Emmaline Ellis (she/her/hers) is a PhD Candidate in the Literacy and Learners program at Temple University and the current Chair of the CLA Student Committee. Emmaline’s research interests include investigating how the design of picturebooks influences book-related discussion in early learning environments.

Laurie Esposito (she/her/hers) is a PhD Candidate in the Literacy and Learners program at Temple University and a member of the CLA Student Committee. She is interested in the use of reader response theories to explore students’ use of immersive reading technologies and culturally conscious texts.

Jennifer Slagus (they/she) is a multiply-neurodivergent PhD student in Social, Cultural, and Political Contexts of Education at Brock University (Canada) and a member of the CLA Student Committee. Their research focuses on neurodivergent representation in 21st century literature for middle grade readers.

CLA-SC Member List:
· Emmaline Ellis
· Laurie Esposito
· Wenyu Guo
· Ling Hao
· Ashley Johnson
· Jennifer Pulliam
· Jennifer Slagus
· Meghan Valerio

Shining the Light on Authentic Native Voices in Children's Literature at the Upcoming NCTE Conference

11/13/2022

by Andrea M. Page

The National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) November conference is here! With so many fantastic sessions to attend, I’d like to shine a light on several Indigenous/First Nation/Native creatives who will be presenting at this year’s conference.

Did you know that according to the Cooperative Children’s Book Center (CCBC), of the estimated 3427 books published in 2021 in the U.S. by Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) authors, only 60 books, or 0.017% were written by Native authors? An additional 74 books about Indigenous people and their culture were written by non-Natives. The numbers are slowly rising since the first detailed set of data released by the CCBC in 2002, when only six Native authors published books, yet at that time, 64 books were published about Indigenous people and/or culture written by non-Natives.

Educators know how important it is to recognize and appreciate diversity in children’s literature, and ensure children have access to books and characters that represent authentic voices. No group is more diverse than Indigenous cultures across the globe. In the United States alone, there are nearly 600 federally recognized tribes, all with similar traditions and values but very different cultures based on their geographic locations. Each tribe has its own worldview.

         Fall is a time of harvest and celebration.
After the hard work of planting seeds,
                       BIPOC voices are important, new ideas seed new experiences
laboring and growing,
                       Authentic Indigenous voices are taking root and thriving
and reaping the harvest,
                      Fresh Native Creatives, values, culture, and humor are plenty
it is a time to feast and celebrate.

Teachers, Librarians, and other attendees, whose goal is to enlighten readers and reflect with open minds on a variety of worldviews…join these Native Creatives who will be presenting at NCTE. Let’s shine the light on their authentic voices and celebrate together. Hope to see you there!

THURSDAY

Darcie Little Badger
A.28 Shining a Light on Rural YA Literature: Presenting the Winners of the Whippoorwill Award for Rural Young Adult Literature
Thursday, 09:30 - 10:45

Carole Lindstrom
B.04 Birds Aren’t Real: Literature as Truth and Light in Dark Times
Thursday, 11:00 - 12:15

FRIDAY

Traci Sorell
E.31 Possibilities of Poetry: Excavating and Exploring Identity in the Elementary Classroom
Friday, 09:30 - 10:45

Angeline Boulley
F.06 Constellations and Not a Single Star: Shining and Rising Native Voices on Collaboration and Writing Truths
Friday, 11:00 - 12:15

Carole Lindstrom
F.06 Constellations and Not a Single Star: Shining and Rising Native Voices on Collaboration and Writing Truths
Friday, 11:00 - 12:15

Traci Sorell
F.06 Constellations and Not a Single Star: Shining and Rising Native Voices on Collaboration and Writing Truths
Friday, 11:00 - 12:15

Laurel Goodluck
F.06 Constellations and Not a Single Star: Shining and Rising Native Voices on Collaboration and Writing Truths
Friday, 11:00 - 12:15

Traci Sorell
G.04 Bring the Light In: Children’s Literature for Truth Telling
Friday, 12:30 - 13:45

Monique Gray Smith
H.04 Braiding Sweetgrass for Young Adults: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants with Adapter Monique Gray Smith
Friday, 14:00 - 15:15

Angeline Boulley
HI.01 High School Matters—Learning Liberated: Reading, Writing, and Discussion Grounded in Multimodal Pedagogies
Friday, 14:00 - 16:45

Traci Sorell
H.34 Teaching with the 2022 Charlotte Huck and Orbis Pictus Award Books ROOM 204-A
14:00-15:15

SATURDAY

Traci Sorell
K.10 #DisruptTexts Now More Than Ever
Saturday, 11:00 - 12:15

Angeline Boulley
K.37 Teaching Young Adult Literature: Creating Space to Pursue Light and to Dream
Saturday, 11:00 - 12:15

Joy Harjo
L.30 #TeachLivingPoets and US Poet Laureate Joy Harjo Present Living Nations, Living Words, and Teaching Native Nations Poets
Saturday, 12:30 - 13:45

Traci Sorell
M.14 Connecting through Story: The Transformative Power of Daily Picture Book Read-Alouds
Saturday, 14:45 - 16:00

Arigon Starr
M.14 Connecting through Story: The Transformative Power of Daily Picture Book Read-Alouds
Saturday, 14:45 - 16:00

Jen Ferguson
N.08 Countering Harmful Media Narratives with Young Adult Literature
Saturday, 16:15 - 17:30

NCTE 2022 Native Authors

Darcie Little Badger (Lipan Apache). Author of Elatsoe and A Snake Falls to Earth.
Website: darcielittlebadger.wordpress.com

Carole Lindstrom (Anishinabe/Metis, tribally enrolled with the Turtle Mountain Band of Ojibwe)
Author of Girls Dance, Boys Fiddle, and We are Water Protectors.
Website: carolelindstrom.com

Traci Sorell (Cherokee Nation citizen)
Author of We are Grateful: Otsaliheliga, At the Mountain’s Base, Powwow Day, Classified: The Secret Career of Mary Golda Ross, Cherokee Aerospace Engineer, and Contenders: Two Native Baseball Players, One World Series
Website: tracisorell.com

Monique Gray Smith (Cree, Lakota and Scottish)
Author of My Heart Fills With Happiness, You Hold Me Up, When we are Kind, Lucy and Lola and I Hope, Tilly: A Story of Hope and Resilience, Braiding Sweetgrass, and Tilly and the Crazy Eights
Website: moniquegraysmith.com

Angeline Boulley (enrolled member of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians) Author of Firekeeper's Daughter and Warrior Girl Unearthed.
Website: angelineboulley.com

Laurel Goodluck (Mandan and Hidatsa from the prairies of North Dakota, and Tsimshian from a rainforest in Alaska). Author of Forever Coursins. Fortcoming books: Rock your Mocs and Too Much
Website: laurelgoodluck.com

Joy Harjo (member of the Mvskoke Nation and belongs to Oce Vpofv (Hickory Ground)).
Author of An American Sunrise, The Good Luck Cat and For a Girl Becoming.
Website: joyharjo.com

Arigon Starr (enrolled member of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma) .
Illustrator of Super Indian and Tales of the Mighty Code Talkers
Website arigonstarr.com

Jen Ferguson (Michif/Métis)
Author of The Summer of Bitter and Sweet
Website: jenfergusonwrites.com

Resource:
Cooperative Children’s Book Center (CCBC)
https://ccbc.education.wisc.edu/literature-resources/ccbc-diversity-statistics/books-by-and-or-about-poc-2018/

Andrea Page (Hunkpapa Lakota / German) is a children’s author, educator, and Board Member of the Children’s Literature Assembly of the NCTE. Her debut middle grade book, SIOUX CODE TALKERS OF WORLD WAR II, is the story of seven Native American Code Talkers’ military service in the Pacific Theater. Andrea lives with her husband in Rochester, New York. Visit her website at WriterAndreaPage.com.

You may also be interested in

NCTE 2022 Sessions Sponsored by CLA

A listing of NCTE 2022 Sessions of Interest for CLA Members Assembled by members of CLA’s DEI Committee

The Politics of Black Hair: Using Children’s and Young Adult Literature to Teach and Affirm Black Identity

4/20/2022

By Tiffeni Fontno

Hair plays a vital role in a Black person’s identity, especially as Black children grapple with understanding how they belong. Historically, Black hairstyles originating from Africa could identify a region, a person’s age, religion, or status in society, and in some cultures, hair has spiritual connections (Dabiri, 2020).

Reintroduced into the conversation through The Crown Act, even in education, Black hair has been policed through discriminatory school codes and policy standards, widening the marginalization against culturally inclusive, responsive, and sustainable identity practices.

Black hair has been subjected to colorism, discrimination based on color, and texturism; the belief that certain hair textures are better than others. Based on enslavement and Western standards of beauty, the idea of "good hair," straight more European, and "bad hair," hair that is curlier and kinkier, creates a standard of sociocultural standards that are a source of contention to this very day (Byrd, 2001).

Culturally responsive teaching involves incorporating culture, knowledge, language, perspectives, and experiences into the curriculum and instruction for more engaging and meaningful learning experiences (Ladson-Billings, 2009). Educators may not be culturally proficient or prepared through teacher education programs to connect with the nuances of relationship building and teaching diverse student populations (Gay, 2002). In this post, I share books and resources for educators to learn and understand the importance of the representation and appreciation of Black hair for students from kindergarten through-8th grade.

History

Covers of Chimbiri’s non-fiction book The Story of Afro Hair & Yarborough's Cornrows

The Story of Afro Hair (Upper-Elementary-High School)
Centered from a Black British perspective, Chimbiri’s non-fiction book The Story of Afro Hair sensitively tells a detailed account of the history of Black hair. This stylized journey details hairdos, products, innovations, the science of Black hair, and the philosophy behind styles, like locks.

Also included in the back matter are a glossary and additional references.

Cornrows (Elementary-Middle School)
Cornrows is a fictional story that intertwines and connects the history and pride of Black culture through hair design. Released in 1997, Yarbrough's book, told through the storytelling of Great-Grammaw, inspires pride, hope, and courage.

Both books provide an entryway to a discussion on Black hairstyles, through cultural understanding and historical significance.

Hair Care

Bedtime Bonnet (Elementary)
Nancy Redd’s Bedtime Bonnet shows the Black experience of the nighttime hair routine, which many people of African descent experience. The illustrator Nneka Myers does a beautiful job showing the different textures of hair and preparation.

Know your Hairitage: Zara’s Wash Day (Elementary-Middle School)
Know your Hairitage: Zara’s Wash Day by Zenda Walker and illustrated by Princess Karibo tells the story of Zara, who is frustrated by the weekly ritual of wash day and not having silky straight hair. While doing Zara’s hair, her Mom explains the cultural significance and connection of different styles to regions of Africa and the Rastafari influence, which gives Zara a greater appreciation of her identity. The back matter has a glossary of hairstyles, geographical and cultural terms.

Hair Love (Elementary)
Hair Love by Matthew Cherry follows a father who bravely takes on the challenge of doing his daughter Zuri’s hair for the first time. Using online video tutorials this story shows, dad navigating products and accessories to try and create the perfect hairdo to make Zuri happy.

Covers of Bedtime Bonnet, Know your Hairitage, & Hair Love

International Books

covers of Bad Hair Does Not Exist!/Pelo Malo No Existe! & Bintou’s Braids

The following books provide insight into Black hair stories and perspectives beyond America to understand the prevalence of Black hair stigma and culture internationally.

Bad Hair Does Not Exist!/Pelo Malo No Existe! (Elementary-Middle School)
Author Sulma Arzu-Brown's bilingual book uses different phrases to describe kinky, curly hair to counter the negativity of the term ‘pelo malo’ while instilling pride and self-worth. This book is framed through the Afro-Latinx perspective and identity. Arzu-Brown words are culturally affirming throughout the story by reiterating that bad hair doesn’t exist.

Bintou’s Braids (Elementary-Middle School)
Bintou’s Braids by Sylvaine A. Diouf, is the Senegalese story of a young girl who impatiently wants the longer, more complex, braided hairstyles of the women in her village. We learn about the culture of maturation from girlhood to womanhood in understanding self-acceptance and identity through this story. Bintou learns the lesson of patience and enjoying being a child instead of receiving things immediately.

Don't Touch

Don’t Touch My Hair (Elementary-Middle School)
Don’t Touch My Hair by Sharee Miller addresses the importance of agency and boundaries. This book gives a funny take on a serious topic of cultural curiosity, permission, and understanding differences.

Can I touch Your Hair? (Elementary)
Told in paired poems, Qualls and Alko’s Can I touch Your Hair? Poems of Race, Mistakes, and Friendship, explores race through navigating childhood friendships. The story centers on Irene and Charles, who are classmates working together on a 5th-grade poetry project. They struggle, awkwardly negotiating challenging moments to relate to one another while working on completing their school project.

Boys and Barbershops

Covers of El Primer Corte Mestiza de Fuquan/Furqan & Crown: Ode to the Fresh Cut

Barbershops are a significant space in the Black community, especially for Black males. The following books provide perspectives on the barbershop experience.

El Primer Corte Mestiza de Fuquan/Furqan's First Flat Top (Elementary)
Robert Liu-Trujillo’s bilingual story of Furqan who wants a cool new haircut as he anxiously visits the barbershop for the first time.

Crown: Ode to the Fresh Cut (Elementary-Middle School)
The story, Crown: Ode to the Fresh Cut, authored by Derrick Barnes and illustrated by Gordon James, pays tribute to the barbershop as a community space by experiencing the ‘glow-up’ and joy of getting the perfect cut that gives the feeling that anything is possible.

Educator Preparation

In addition to resources in the blog, I’ve created a K-12 guide that lists trade books about the culture of Black hair, providing background knowledge for educators. Books, journal articles, news stories about policing Black hair, and The Crown Act legislation are included. The resources accumulated provide context to creating discussion and ways of knowing in relating and relaying Black culture to validate, teach and normalize cultural differences of hair in affirm student identities.

Boston College Libraries
ERC Libguide

Black Hair in Children’s Literature

References

Byrd, & Tharps, Lori L. (2001). Hair story : untangling the roots of Black hair in America (1st ed.). St. Martin's Press.

Dabiri. (2020). Twisted : the tangled history of black hair culture (First U.S. edition.). Harper Perennial.

Gay, G. (2002). Preparing for Culturally Responsive Teaching. Journal of Teacher Education, 53(2), 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487102053002003

Ladson-Billings, G. (2009). The dreamkeepers: Successful teachers of African American children (2nd ed..). Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Tiffeni Fontno is Head Librarian at the Educational Resource Center of Boston College Libraries. She is a former classroom teacher and school librarian.

Social Media:
Instagram: @bcerclibrary
Twitter: @ResourceBc

The CLA Blog

Concerned about Book Bans? CLA-SC Webinar Panelists Inform and Empower Attendees

By Emmaline Ellis, Laurie Esposito, and Jennifer Slagus

Breakout Quote for Dr. Skrlac Lo:
...in this case, these book challenges weren’t about pushing us to really think about concern for the child. They are political posturing of power.

Breakout Quote for Dr. Stephens:
It’s incumbent on librarians to defend student expression as well as the right to receive information.

Shining the Light on Authentic Native Voices in Children's Literature at the Upcoming NCTE Conference

by Andrea M. Page

You may also be interested in

The Politics of Black Hair: Using Children’s and Young Adult Literature to Teach and Affirm Black Identity

By Tiffeni Fontno

History

Hair Care

International Books

Don't Touch

Boys and Barbershops

Educator Preparation

Boston College Libraries
ERC Libguide

References

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By Emmaline Ellis, Laurie Esposito, and Jennifer Slagus

Breakout Quote for Dr. Skrlac Lo: ...in this case, these book challenges weren’t about pushing us to really think about concern for the child. They are political posturing of power.

Breakout Quote for Dr. Stephens: ​It’s incumbent on librarians to defend student expression as well as the right to receive information.​

by Andrea M. Page

You may also be interested in

By Tiffeni Fontno

History

Hair Care

International Books

Don't Touch

Boys and Barbershops

Educator Preparation

Boston College LibrariesERC Libguide

References

Authors:CLA Members

Blog Editors

contribute to the blog

Archives

Categories

CLA

Resources

Children's Literature Assembly BreakfastExpert ClassOther CLA-sponsored SessionsArt Auction

Breakout Quote for Dr. Skrlac Lo:
...in this case, these book challenges weren’t about pushing us to really think about concern for the child. They are political posturing of power.

Breakout Quote for Dr. Stephens:
It’s incumbent on librarians to defend student expression as well as the right to receive information.

Boston College Libraries
ERC Libguide

Authors:
CLA Members

Children's Literature Assembly Breakfast
Expert Class
Other CLA-sponsored Sessions
Art Auction